By Phil Mercer
BBC News, Sydney

Aborigine with Australia flag, march by indigenous war veterans, Sydney April 08
There is more to Australia than cricket and barbecues.

Australia's parliament has begun debating changes to the country's controversial citizenship tests.

The government wants to make applicants more aware of their rights and responsibilities rather than examine a general knowledge of sport and culture.

The tests have been criticised by rights groups as discriminating against migrants from non-English-speaking countries.

They were introduced by the former conservative administration.

The current Australian government wants to make the tests more relevant, to help prospective citizens settle into life in their adopted country.

Responsibilities

In Canberra, parliament has been debating changes to the legislation that would see updated questions posed about gender equality, compulsory voting and the Australian legal system.

The Immigration Minister, Chris Evans, who was born in Britain, said the amendments would help migrants better understand their responsibilities to the community.

Mr Evans believes that parts of the current test that quiz applicants about famous cricketers, billiard players and explorers were irrelevant.

Critics have insisted that the entire process was a waste of money, did nothing to help newcomers integrate into society and discriminated against those from a non-English-speaking background.

Migrants must pass the controversial examination to become Australian citizens.

Under the proposed changes, those sitting the test will have to answer 20 multiple-choice questions in English, while the pass mark would rise from 60 to 75%.

The country has been celebrating National Citizenship Day and to mark the occasion 4,000 people have been sworn in as new Australians.


Building work  at Har Homa in east Jerusalem
The US wants Israeli settlement building to be frozen

President Barack Obama will meet Israeli and Palestinian leaders on Tuesday to try to relaunch peace talks.

Mr Obama will hold separate talks with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas, before a joint meeting.

Efforts to restart the peace process have so far been blocked by disagreements over Israeli settlements.

A senior US official told the BBC that there was no expectation of an announcement after Tuesday's meetings.

He said the meetings are "clear sign of the President's personal commitment to this issue."

But he added that it was critical to put the discussions "in context".

"Nine months ago there was a war in Gaza," he said. "The Israeli government has only existed for five months.

"And now these three leaders are going to sit down in the same room and continue to narrow the gaps."

Mr Netenyahu's office issued a statement welcoming the invitation to talks and saying they would be held "without preconditions", Reuters news agency reported.

'Deep commitment'

The announcement of the meetings, which will take place on the sidelines of the UN General Assembly in New York, came after US envoy George Mitchell's latest round of shuttle diplomacy ended without agreement.

The White House said the meetings next week would continue efforts by Mr Obama, Mr Mitchell and Secretary of State Hillary Clinton "to lay the groundwork for the relaunch of negotiations".

The road is now blocked
Mahmoud Abbas
Palestinian president

Mr Mitchell said Mr Obama's desire to personally engage at this juncture showed his "deep commitment to comprehensive peace".

The US envoy held a series of meetings with Mr Netanyahu last week in a fresh attempt at getting a deal on Jewish settlement activity.

He also went to the West Bank to talk to Mr Abbas.

Mr Mitchell was hoping for a consensus before all sides attend the UN General Assembly, but he returned to the US without reaching any agreement.

Mr Abbas and the US administration have been demanding a complete freeze on Israeli construction activity.

Mr Netanyahu had previously offered a temporary freeze for several months, but not in East Jerusalem or in cases where homes have already been approved.

He noted this week that there had been a slowdown in settlement construction, but that work would continue on 2,400 units currently being built.

'New conditions'

On Saturday, both sides were reported as blaming each other for the lack of any agreement to resume the peace process following Mr Mitchell's visit.

Israeli foreign ministry spokesman Yossi Levi said the Palestinian Authority was "preventing the resumption of the peace process by making conditions that it has not made in the past", AFP news agency said.

It was not reported which conditions he was referring to.

But Mr Abbas said Israel was to blame for not agreeing to a total freeze in settlement building.

"The road is now blocked," he told journalists in Cairo.

"There is no more work [for Mr Mitchell] with the Western or Palestinian sides because we are complying with all our duties.

"The focus has to be on the Israeli side."


Saturday September 19

BANGKOK: Thailand's infamous red and the yellow shirted protesters rallied 560km apart Saturday, one marking the third anniversary of the coup that ousted their leader while another clashed with local villagers along the border with Cambodia.

Several thousand red shirted supporters of the United Front for Democracy against Dictatorship (UDD) braved heavy rain at the Royal Plaza near Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva's office to demand an end to his 10-month military-backed government.

The gathering, watched closely by thousands of anti-riot policemen and baton-wielding soldiers guarding Abhisit's house and key government facilities, was to mark the Sept 19, 2006 ouster of former prime minister Thaksin Shinawatra.

"We are here to fight for democracy, the right of the people and we want Abhisit to hand over the power to the people. We are not here to create violence," UDD leader Veera Musigapong said as military and government officials dismissed talks of another coup.

Thaksin's allies won the December 2007 election called by the then military junta, but six months of antigovernment protests by the People's Alliance for Democracy (PAD) last year resulted in the downfall of his two handpicked prime ministers.

Abhisit, leader of Democrat, secured enough support from smaller parties in Parliament to form a new government and remained the Kingdom's fifth premier in four years, despite conflict with military and coalition partners, as well as within his party.

The government has invoked the Internal Security Act to deal with the protesters, but the real drama unfolded in Si Sa Ket province bordering Cambodia, where thousands of yellow shirt supporters are trying to move to the controversial Preah Vihear ancient temple.

Local media reported that about 4,000 protesters in more than 500 buses, vans and pickups had arrived at the province to march to the Khao Phra Viharn national park where the temple is located.

The report said several hundred local villagers, unhappy with the planned protest, clashed with the yellow shirt supporters as police moved in to disperse the crowd.

The PAD, which blocked Bangkok's two major airports last November and seized the prime minister's office for three months, wants the Cambodian Government to withdraw troops from the disputed area.

Despite the 1962 decision by the International Court of Justice to award the temple to Cambodia, troops from both countries had clashed several times in recent months over the overlapping boundaries. - Bernama


More than 9,000 soldiers and police have been deployed throughout the city

The Red Shirts want current prime minister Abhisit Vejjajiva to resign and hold elections

The putsch of September 19 plunged the kingdom into three years of political turmoil

By Thanaporn Promyamyai (AFP)

BANGKOK — Thousands of red-shirted protesters rallied in Thailand's capital amid tight security on Saturday to mark the third anniversary of a coup against former prime minister Thaksin Shinawatra.

The putsch of September 19, 2006 plunged the kingdom into three years of political turmoil which shows little sign of ending, with supporters of the exiled Thaksin leading the latest round of protests.

Tensions rose further on Saturday when rival anti-Thaksin "Yellow Shirt" demonstrators clashed with police near an ancient temple on the disputed northeastern border with Cambodia.

In Bangkok, the government imposed a draconian internal security law for the latest "Red Shirt" demonstrations and deployed more than 9,000 soldiers and police to guard key locations.

"We came here today to mark the third anniversary of the coup, which has caused huge damage to the country," Red Shirt leader Jatuporn Promphan told the crowd, as a thunderstorm drenched the protest site.

The Red Shirts want current prime minister Abhisit Vejjajiva to resign and hold elections. Massive anti-government riots in April left two people dead and derailed a major Asian summit.

Police estimated that around 5,000 people had arrived at the protest site by the middle of the afternoon and that more would come for a video or telephone speech by Thaksin scheduled for the evening.

"This will be a peaceful protest and will end by midnight if the government does not use violence," Jatuporn said.

On the Cambodian border, around 5,000 demonstrators broke through barricades and were moving towards the 11th century Preah Vihear temple, the scene of several deadly battles between Thai and Cambodian troops over the past year.

Television footage showed yellow-clad protesters armed with sticks beating local villagers and Thai riot police, who pushed back with shields.

The staunchly royalist Yellow Shirts want the government to push out Cambodian forces from an area around the temple.

The Yellow Shirts helped bring down Thaksin in 2006 and effectively toppled the previous pro-Thaksin government in December when they blockaded Bangkok's airports, but have started to turn their fire on the current administration.

In Bangkok, Abhisit said he had ordered authorities to keep the peace at both protests and said there were reports that unidentified groups of troublemakers could set off bombs in the capital to create unrest.

"I have instructed officials to be aware of inciting incidents and to closely monitor the movements of those groups. I am worried about the situation tonight and have warned intelligence agencies," Abhisit told reporters.

Thailand remains deeply divided between supporters of the twice-elected Thaksin, who are concentrated in rural areas, and his foes in the Bangkok-based power cliques of the palace, military and bureaucracy.

Powerful army chief Anupong Paojinda on Friday denied rumours the military was about to stage a coup against Abhisit, who has been weakened by a recent battle with coalition partners over the new national police chief.

Abhisit is heading to New York at the weekend for the UN General Assembly -- and it was while billionaire Thaksin was out of the country to attend the same event that the military overthrew him in 2006.

The ongoing political chaos has damaged Thailand's image as a tourist-friendly destination and affected foreign investment in an already struggling, export-dependent economy.



Writer: BangkokPost.com
Published: 19/09/2009

National army chief Anupong Paojinda on Saturday called on the People's Alliance for Democracy (PAD) protesters in Si Sa Ket province not to enter the Thai-Cambodian disputed border as it would be dangerous.

The yellow-shirt PAD vowed to move into 4.6 square kilometres of land around the ancient Preah Vihear temple that is claimed by both countries.

"The army will act in accordance with the government's bilateral negotiation plan. We are now working on it and we will not do anything beyond this course," Gen Anupong said.

"The protesters can say they love the country but going into the disputed area would be dangerous and there could still be landmines," he said.

He said protests can take place if it can help improve the situation.

If the protesters entered into the disputed area, they could be arrested and the Cambodian government would say Thai people were trespassing on its territory. If the Thai government refused to accept the claim, the protesters might not be released, he said.

Gen Anupong also shot down the coup rumours, saying people should stop thinking about them.

"There is no need to stage a coup because we can solve problems through understanding and cooperation. I insist that no one will stage a coup," the army chief said.

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